Author(s): Figen ATABEY
Germanian occupation of Czechoslovakiain March 1939 and then the Italian occupation of Albania in April 1939 led Britain and France to take counter-measures. These occupations had also created a great worry and anxiety in Turkey. Britain and France had given guarantee to Greece, Romania and Turkey against attack in the Mediterranean on 13 April 1939; however, Turkey proposed that this collaboration should take the form of an alliance. The meetings between Britain, France and Turkey ended with the Turco-British and Turco-French Declarations of 12 May 1939 and 23 June 1939 respectively. The Anglo-Turkish Declaration was made on May 12, 1939. With this declaration Turkey and England declared that the two countries provides mutual assistance in the event of an act of aggression leading to war in the Mediterranean area. These governments also recognized that it is necessary to ensure the establishment of security in the Balkans. The Franco-Turkish Declaration identical with the Anglo-Turkish Declaration was signed on 23 June 1939, after the settlement of Hatay guestion. After the declarations of 1939’s between Turkey, England and France, Turkey took a bolder step on October 19th of the same year by signing a long term security pact with Britain and France. These declarations defined categorically what would be the policy of Turkey in the Second World War.
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