Author(s): Necati AYKON
The Prophet Muhammad hadn’t named a successor or told how to choose a leader before his death. As a result, initially Hazrat Abu Bakr first elected as the leader of Muslims, then Hazrat Umar chosen by most of decision makers, next Hazrat Uthman chosen by Shura council meeting were acclaimed as Caliph. After Hazrat Uthman was murdered, nobody wanted to be the leader of Muslims, but Hazrat Ali had to take over the leadership due to the threats and insistent Muslims of Medinah. However, many people - especially Mu’awiya- were against Caliph Ali. Although people asked Hazrat Ali to recommend his son, Hassan, as Caliph when he was injured in Kufa by Ibn Muljam, Hazrat Ali didn’t state any opinion. Many people displayed their loyalty to Hazrat Hassan in a short time, but Damascus and Egypt stood against Hazrat Hassan. Because of being a peaceable leader, Hazrat Hassan made an agreement with Mu’awiya. According to the agreement, Hazrat Hassan abdicated and Mu’awiya became the new ruler in the 41st year of Hegira. Therefore, that year was called “Aamul-Jamaa” in other words “the year of unity”
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