Author(s): Fatih GÃZEL
Soon after the first period of Abbasid Caliphate, Turks have started to take active roles and duties on Islamic territories. Due to their military power and ability, Turks have been prefered and placed into Abbasid army to prevent the targets of Persians who were trying to control over Abbasid state goverment. In a short time, the numbers of the Turks who were serving in Abbasid army increased over ten thousands. Then, a new group of soldiers, formed by Turks only, emerged and it was called as Hassa army. This new army brought Abbasid Caliphate many successful victories at battle field. In Abbasid Caliphate, the period, after that Caliph Mutawakkil was killed by an army which was called as Hassa and formed by Turks, has been recognized as second period of Abbasid Caliphate.In this era, Turkish commanders were able to entirely controled the state government.The caliphs, in this age, due to the fact that they lost their authority and prestige, they had to rule the state by wishes of some effective Turkish commanders. However the caliphs who wished to drive Turkish commanders out from state affairs, were subjected to be murdered by those commanders. In this age, one of the famous and effective Turkish commanders was Musa b. Bugha the Elder. He served in the military and political affairs throughout six different caliphs’ reign and through these durations he had determinative effects on the succession of the caliphs and even the removal ofthe caliphs. Musa b. Bugha the Elder did not only maintained the political issues regarding to safety of the caliphate but also he could deal with the internal and external enemies in order to protect Abbasid Caliphate.
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